Floquet engineering has emerged as a powerful way to manipulate quantum phases of matter through periodic driving. While replica bands known as Floquet–Bloch states have been predicted and observed in some materials, direct energy- and momentum-resolved evidence has remained rare.
In this new study, researchers report the direct observation of Floquet–Bloch states in monolayer epitaxial graphene. Using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with mid-infrared excitation, they detected replicas of the Dirac cone and revealed how pump polarization influences their origin. These findings not only confirm the role of Floquet–Bloch states and Volkov states in graphene but also open the door to observing such phenomena at larger momenta in other quantum materials.
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